This chapter appears in a new collection of essays on a wide range of cultural media and their uses of Chinese culture to realise European modernism. 'Fashion, Chinoiserie and Modernism' pushes the boundaries of modernism through the inclusion of fashion in relation to chinoiserie and argues for a re-interpretation of histories of modern design through the lens of the fashionable and the feminine. It proposes a more embodied, popular and highly contradictory form of modern experience that provides a crucial context that has been lacking in existing studies of chinoiserie and modernism that focus more on literature, art and theatre. The inclusion of chinoiserie fashion within notions of modernist design, rather than as an opposition or foil for modernist design, also enables a deeper probing into the mechanisms of cultural duality and histories of racism that underpinned modernist writing of the early twentieth century.