This research develops a design guide for a community shelter, taking into consideration the Lao government aim to design schools fit for functioning as shelters. Although international humanitarian agencies have published operational guidelines for shelter construction programmes, they lack consideration of spatial design, local specificity, practical knowledge of architectural design and practice, and community participation, and are therefore difficult to implement. This dissertation examines these issues and explores the participatory design principles of village schools functioning as community shelters through the lens of a design guideline. The key question of this practice-led thesis is: What are the spatial strategies for flood resilience in the context of Laos and how can these inform a new design guideline? This practice-led research consists of four parts. The first examines existing guidelines for shelter and housing construction with a focus on the theoretical and practical contexts – i.e. local specificity, architectural design, and community participation. The second explores the current circumstances of flood risk management in Laos. Following this, the scope that an adequate design guide should include is analysed and spatial strategies investigated in the context of school community shelters in rural areas. In the third part, school construction guidelines are discussed in relation to equivalent guidelines and circumstances in Laos, particularly considering existing practice and quality of construction. Hereby indigenous knowledge and local construction skills are studied, and retrofitting architectural design and practice is explored while considering the means of community participation. Based on this, a new design guide for a community shelter in flood-prone areas in rural Laos is proposed. This thesis is closely linked to an ongoing live project to design and build a flood shelter for a rural village in Laos, which will be conducted in 2019. It is therefore the first phase of the larger action research project. The school shelter guideline proposed will be then tested and verified by a live project, and afterwards the guidelines will be developed for publication in Laos and neighbouring nations with similar flood risks.